Intravenous Thrombolysis Is Safe and Effective for the Cryptogenic Stroke in China: Data From the Thrombolysis Implementation and Monitor of Acute Ischemic Stroke in China (TIMS-China)

Background

The intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) therapy is safe and efficient during the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Nonetheless, the different outcomes among various stroke subgroups have limited data with regard to the safety and efficacy of cryptogenic stroke (CS). The present study compared the safety and efficacy when IVT with rt-PA was used for the treatment of CS and the other stroke subtypes.

三镜联合治疗胆总管结石患者基于决策辅助的术前教育

目的探讨基于决策辅助的术前教育在三镜联合治疗胆囊并胆总管结石患者加速康复外科中的应用效果。方法选取行三镜联合治疗胆囊并胆总管结石患者60例,采用随机数字表法将患者分成干预组和对照组各30例。对照组采取常规术前教育,干预组采取基于决策辅助的术前教育。结果干预结束时,干预组决策参与满意度得分和术后治疗依从性得分显著高于对照组,干预组术后首次排气时间、引流时间和住院时间显著短于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论基于决策辅助的术前教育有助于提高三镜联合治疗胆囊并胆总管结石患者的决策参与满意度、术后治疗依从性,有利于促进患者术后恢复。     

Modulating effects of preconditioning exercise in the expression of ET-1 and BNP via HIF-1α in ischemically injured brain

It is well-known that in ischemia-induced hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factor -1α (HIF-1α) is critical in triggering expression of its downstream target genes to produce several products, such as erythropoietin (EPO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide synthesis (NOS), glucose transportor-1 (GLUT-1), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), which further promote erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, vasodilation and capitalization of glucose to overcome hypoxia. Meanwhile, as the factors with opposite effects on blood vessels, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) also stand out strikingly in ischemic pathophysiology. To this day, several preconditioning manners have been used to induce tolerance to ischemia. During our research, exercise preconditioning was applied and it was demonstrated that HIF-1α triggered expression of ET-1 and BNP, which confirmed their downstream target genes for HIF-1α. And ET-1 may influcence expression of BNP to some degree but not the only factor which regulates BNP expression. Therefore, our findings suggest exercise preconditioning may provide protection to the ischemic brain tissue via HIF-1α which in turn increases expression of BNP to cause vasodilation in cooperation with some other factors, such as VEGF and EPO, to increase the blood flow in the ischemic area and then relieve the injuries induced by ischemia.

     

Deferoxamine promotes recovery of traumatic spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent novel cell death pathway. Deferoxamine, a ferroptosis inhibitor, has been reported to promote spinal cord injury repair. It has yet to be clarified whether ferroptosis inhibition represents the mechanism of action of Deferoxamine on spinal cord injury recovery. A rat model of Deferoxamine at thoracic 10 segment was established using a modified Allen's method. Ninety 8-week-old female Wistar rats were used. Rats in the Deferoxamine group were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg Deferoxamine 30 minutes before injury. Simultaneously, the Sham and Deferoxamine groups served as controls. Drug administration was conducted for 7 consecutive days. The results were as follows:(1) Electron microscopy revealed shrunken mitochondria in the spinal cord injury group.(2) The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor rating score showed that recovery of the hindlimb was remarkably better in the Deferoxamine group than in the spinal cord injury group.(3) The iron concentration was lower in the Deferoxamine group than in the spinal cord injury group after injury.(4) Western blot assay revealed that, compared with the spinal cord injury group, GPX4, xCT, and glutathione expression was markedly increased in the Deferoxamine group.(5) Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that, compared with the Deferoxamine group, mRNA levels of ferroptosis-related genes Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 2(ACSF2) and iron-responsive element-binding protein 2(IREB2) were up-regulated in the Deferoxamine group.(6) Deferoxamine increased survival of neurons and inhibited gliosis. These findings confirm that Deferoxamine can repair spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis. Targeting ferroptosis is therefore a promising therapeutic approach for spinal cord injury.     

Protective mechanism of Wnt4 gene on Parkinson’s disease (PD) transgenic Drosophila

Objective: The main pathological change of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is progressive degeneration and necrosis of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, forming a Lewy body in many of the remaining neurons. Studies have found that in transgenic Drosophila, mutations in the PTEN-inducible kinase 1 (PINK1) gene may cause indirect flight muscle defects in Drosophila, and mitochondrial structural dysfunction as well.

Methods: In this study, Wnt4 gene overexpression and knockdown were performed in PINK1 mutant PD transgenic Drosophila, and the protective effect of Wnt4 gene on PD transgenic Drosophila and its possible mechanism were explored. The Wnt4 gene was screened in the previous experiment; And by using the PD transgenic Drosophila model of the MHC-Gal4/UAS system, the PINK1 gene could be specifically activated in the Drosophila muscle tissue.

Results: In PINK1 mutation transgenic fruit flies, the Wnt4 gene to study its implication on PD transgenic fruit flies’ wing normality and flight ability. We found that overexpression of Wnt4 gene significantly reduced abnormality rate of PD transgenic Drosophila and improved its flight ability, and then, increased ATP concentration, enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential and normalized mitochondrial morphology were found. All of these findings suggested Wnt4 gene may have a protective effect on PD transgenic fruit flies. Furthermore, in Wnt4 gene overexpression PD transgenic Drosophila, down-regulation autophagy and apoptosis-related proteins Ref(2)P, Pro-Caspase3, and up-regulation of Beclin1, Atg8a, Bcl2 protein were confirmed by Western Blotting.

Conclusion: The results imply that the restoring of mitochondrial function though Wnt4 gene overexpression in the PINK1 mutant transgenic Drosophila may be related to autophagy and/or apoptosis.     

慢性病患者健康信息搜寻行为的调查分析

目的了解慢性病患者健康信息搜寻行为现况,为健康教育方案的制订提供参考。方法以方便抽样方法抽取慢性病住院患者313例,采用健康信息搜寻行为问卷对患者进行调查。结果慢性病住院患者信息需求维度得分(4.30±0.67)分,对健康信息搜寻行为的态度维度得分(3.94±0.85)分,获取健康信息的障碍维度得分(3.11±1.04)分,健康信息来源维度得分(3.10±0.96)分。结论慢性病患者对健康信息搜寻行为的态度处于中等偏上水平,对健康信息的需求较高。需开展以患者健康信息需求为导向、由医护人员和患者合作参与的多形式健康教育,以提高和改善慢性病患者的疾病管理能力与信心。     

能谱智能匹配联合双低技术在CT门静脉成像中的可行性研究

目的 探索单能量成像结合自适应统计迭代重建（adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction，ASIR）及自动能谱协议选择（automatic spectral imaging mode selection，ASIS）技术在个体化降低患者门静脉造影辐射剂量、对比剂剂量中的应用价值。方法 回顾性收集华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院2017年1月至2017年4月120例临床需进行上腹部增强检查的受检者资料（男80例，女40例），按扫描方案分为3组，每组各40例。A组采用常规120 kVp扫描，噪声指数（NI）=10，对比剂用量为450 mgI/kg，图像采用50% ASIR重建；B、C两组采用能谱成像模式，NI=10（B组），NI=13（C组），对比剂用量均为300 mgI/kg，图像采用60 keV+50% ASIR重建。采用单因素方差分析比较3组图像中门静脉、肝实质的平均CT值及其差值、图像噪声、信噪比（SNR）及对比噪声比（CNR）。由两位高年资放射科医师对3组图像进行主观图像质量评分。记录患者的容积CT剂量指数（CTDI_vol）、剂量长度乘积（DLP）并计算有效剂量（E）。结果 B、C两组对比剂用量较A组降低了约30%。A、B、C组图像的门静脉CT值分别为168.22±17.82、209.06±20.07、211.03±25.60，B、C组与A比较，差异有统计学意义（t=-9.625、-8.680，P<0.05）。A、B、C 3组门静脉与肝实质CT差值分别为60.01±17.01、106.63±25.83、107.72±25.39，B、C组与A组比较，差异有统计学意义（t=-9.536、-9.857，P<0.05）。SNR分别为8.48±1.41、12.64±2.94、10.77±1.94，CNR分别为5.16±1.80、8.13±2.54、7.32±1.84，图像质量评分分别为（3.53±0.68）、（4.75±0.54）和（4.53±0.64）分，B、C组的SNR、CNR和图像质量评分与A组比较，差异有统计学意义（t=-8.082、-6.064、-6.050、-5.308、-8.912、-6.779，P<0.05）。A、B、C组CTDI_vol分别为（12.15±5.02）、（12.34±4.18）、（10.03±3.13）mGy，DLP分别为（348.62±155.99）、（355.56±131.07）、（287.10±92.25）mGy·cm，E分别为（5.23±2.34）、（5.33±1.97）、（4.31±1.38）mSv，相对于A、B两组，C组的CTDI_vol、DLP和E差异均有统计学意义（t=2.274、2.147、2.147、2.812、2.702、2.702，P<0.05），分别降低了19%。结论 CT门静脉成像时，选择NI=13，60 keV结合50%ASIR重建及ASIS技术可以个体化降低患者的对比剂剂量和辐射剂量，并提供满足诊断要求的图像。